Nanophthalmos is caused by the stagnation of eyeball development after the embryonic fissure closes [7]. Its characteristic clinical manifestations include short AL, small cornea, shallow anterior chamber, and increased lens-to-eyeball volume ratio [8].
What is nanophthalmos?
Nanophthalmos is a rare genetic disease, included in the spectrum of developmental eye disorders, characterized by a small eye secondary to compromised growth.
What is the difference between Microphthalmos and Nanophthalmos?
Nanophthalmos is a special subtype of microphthalmia, in which the eye, although small, has preserved functionality and organization (Figure 1) [13, 14]. It usually presents as a small hyperopic eye set into a deep orbit, with narrow palpebral fissures [15, 16].
Is microphthalmia a genetic disorder?
When microphthalmia occurs as a feature of a genetic syndrome or chromosomal abnormality, it may cluster in families according to the inheritance pattern for that condition, which may be autosomal recessive or other patterns. Often microphthalmia is not inherited, and there is only one affected individual in a family.
Can microphthalmia be cured?
There is no cure for these conditions, but many treatments are available. No treatment is needed for mild or moderate microphthalmia. Prosthetics will be used in anophthalmia as well as surgery to expand the palpebral fissures (opening of the eye between the upper and lower lids) and orbit (boney eye socket).
Can microphthalmia be inherited?
What is the pathophysiology of nanophthalmos?
Nanophthalmos derives from Greek “dwarf eye.” In this ocular condition, the anterior and posterior segments have no other congenital malformations, but are both reduced in size, with secondary thickening of choroid and sclera. The clinical spectrum of the small eye phenotype. M. De Bernardo, L. Zeppa, R. Forte et al.,
How safe is cataract surgery in nanophthalmic eyes?
Steijns et al (2012) found cataract surgery to be relatively safe in nanophthalmic eyes. Cataract surgery was performed in 43 eyes of 32 patients (>90% with phacoemulsificaion), with no complications in 71.1% of cases and improvement of BCVA in 69.8% of cases.
What are the diagnostic criteria for nanophthalmic eyes?
Wu et al. considered shallow anterior chamber, high hyperopia, axial length up to 21 mm, and posterior wall thickness greater than 1.7 mm as conditions to define nanophthalmic eyes [ 18
Which physical findings are characteristic of nanophthalmos (nosebleed)?
Patients with nanophthalmos usually feature a small eye, deeply-set in the orbit (enophthalmos) and covered by narrow palpebral fissures; bilateral mild ptosis may be present. Refractive analysis displays high to extreme hyperopia.
